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"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/02/healt ... .html?_r=1 "Most people who experiment with drugs, then, do not become addicted. So who is at risk? Clinicians have long been aware that patients with certain types of psychiatric illnesses — including mood, anxiety and personality disorders — are more likely to become addicts. According to the National Institute of Mental Health’s Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, patients with mental health problems are nearly three times as likely to have an addictive disorder as those without. Conversely, 60 percent of people with a substance abuse disorder also suffer from another form of mental illness. Still, it’s unclear whether addiction predisposes someone to mental illness, or vice versa." " But precarious mental health is not the only risk for long-term addiction. Emerging evidence suggests that drug abuse can be a developmental brain disorder, and that people who become addicted are wired differently from those who do not. Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, has shown in several brain-imaging studies that people addicted to such drugs as cocaine, heroin and alcohol have fewer dopamine receptors in the brain’s reward pathways than nonaddicts. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter critical to the experience of pleasure and desire, and sends a signal to the brain: Pay attention, this is important. When Dr. Volkow compared the responses of addicts and normal controls with an infusion of a stimulant, she discovered that controls with high numbers of D2 receptors, a subtype of dopamine receptors, found it aversive, while addicts with low receptor levels found it pleasurable. " But people are not brains in a jar; we are heavily influenced by our environments, too. The world in which Ms. Winehouse traveled appears to have been awash in illicit drugs and alcohol whose use was not just accepted but encouraged. Even people who aren’t wired for addiction can become dependent on drugs and alcohol if they are constantly exposed to them, studies have found."
"Creating a legal high Small structural changes to an illegal chemical can create a new legal compound Legal-high dealers scour scientific literature for substances similar to recreational drugs http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-13881690"
"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/17/us/17 ... l?src=recg Though they come in powder and crystal form like traditional bath salts — hence their name — they differ in one crucial way: they are used as recreational drugs. People typically snort, inject or smoke them At least 28 states have banned bath salts, which are typically sold for $25 to $50 per 50-milligram packet at convenience stores and head shops under names like Aura, Ivory Wave, Loco-Motion and Vanilla Sky. The cases are jarring and similar to those involving PCP in the 1970s. Some of the recent incidents include a man in Indiana who climbed a roadside flagpole and jumped into traffic, a man in Pennsylvania who broke into a monastery and stabbed a priest, and a woman in West Virginia who scratched herself “to pieces” over several days because she thought there was something under her skin."
"Tja wat ik al dacht en overtuigd ben, vandaar weing resultaat met praat therapyen; "The rethinking of addiction as a medical disease rather than a strictly psychological one began about 15 years ago, when researchers discovered through high-resonance imaging that drug addiction resulted in actual physical changes to the brain" "Central to the understanding of addiction as a physical ailment is the belief that treatment must be continuing in order to avoid relapse. Just as no one expects a diabetes patient to be cured after six weeks of healthy diet and insulin management, Dr. Alford said, it is unrealistic to expect most drug addicts to be cured after 28 days in a detoxification facility. “It’s not surprising to us now that when you stop the treatment, people relapse,” Dr. Alford said. “It doesn’t mean that the treatment doesn’t work, it just means that you need to continue treatment.” Those physical changes in the brain could also explain why some smokers will still crave a cigarette 30 years after quitting, Dr. Alford said. If the idea of addiction as a chronic disease has been slow to take hold in medical circles, it could be because doctors sometime struggle to grasp brain function, Dr. Volkow said. “While it is very simple to understand a disease of the heart — the heart is very simple, it’s just a muscle — it’s much more complex to understand the brain,” she said. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/11/healt ... ns.html?hp"
"ja hallo, wat voor idioten schaffen zo een ding aan? is in eerste instantie een money maker en ten tweede voor zogenaamde illigale immigranten, je bent toch goed gek om daar mee rond te lopen; ook keer aangehouden door politie waar is je id- zei die heb ik niet, en kan ik de uwe zien? ja die die hebben wij niet nodig? wat? wat een dom gedoe ging ook om niks, ga even fietsen of zo!"
"Een Australiër van 58 was de hebzucht van zijn vrouw zó beu dat hij zijn én haar volledige kapitaal aan het goede doel schonk. Volgens hem maakte de drang naar geld van zijn eega hun huwelijk kapot. Zijn ultieme wraak: alles weg! Hij verkocht het huis voor 277.000 euro en schonk daarvan elke cent aan het goede doel, in een vierhonderdtal enveloppes. Zijn bankafschriften stopte hij in een emmer water en maakte er papier-maché van. De drastische man beweerde voor de rechter dat hij inmiddels werkloos is, met in zijn bezit enkel nog 1.400 euro op de bank, een auto van 700 euro en een stuk grond ter waarde van 7.000 euro. bron 8 april AD nl"
"Titel schrijvers is een apart beroep, vaak geeft dat de inhoud niet goed aan, maar meer een aandachtstrekker"
"http://nos.nl/op3/artikel/243530-verpli ... fkamp.html"
"http://www.dimence.nl/Nieuws/Pages/Vers ... tisme.aspx onderzoek"
"Een man heeft zichzelf woensdagmiddag midden op de Dam in brand gestoken. WAARSCHUWING: DE BEELDEN ZIJN HEFTIG. AT5 http://www.at5.nl/ 6 apr 2011"